The Comparison Between Bahrain and Egypt

According to Metz, Egypt's political and scotch system "developed around the concept of a beau ideal incarnate (the pharaoh) who was believed through his magical powers to control the Nile flood" (8). run under the pharaohs generated (especially after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt) in the third millennium B.C., centralized royal administrative institutions and structures.

geographic position p specifyed a critical role in the political development of both nations. In ancient times, Bahrain lay across the main ocean trading routes between the Romans and Greeks to the West, the Indian subcontinent, and sea trade among nations a retentive the Iranian or Arabic Gulf. Nakhleh said that for centuries Bahrain has prided itself "on the urbanity and middle-class pragmatism of its people," the result of its long history as a trading entrepot (96). ilk Egypt, Bahrain encountered many alien rulers, but most of them came before the fifteenth century A.D. from the Middle East, Babylonians, Persians, and in 940 A.D. Arabs from the Arabian Peninsula who converted Bahrain to Islam. The up-to-the-minute ruling al-Khalifa family in Bahrain was of Mesopotamian Arab background. When they arrived in Bahrain in the mid-18th century they brought with them elements of Mesopotamian and Persian culture. One reason for their continuation in power for to a greater extent than 200 years has been their ability to preserve (except for brief pe

Schneider, Howard. "Bahrainis Seemed Prepared to Back Sweeping

frugal reforms, which liberalized the treatment of foreign and domestic investors and resulted in increased Hesperian economic assistance. However, Metz said that the infitah "generally had an adverse impact on the lower class" (18). "With no real improvement in the preservation, Sadat became increasingly unpopular," leading to his assassination by religious extremists (Metz 85).

riods) Bahrain's independency from would-be outside conquerors, such as the Portuguese in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Persians and the expanding al-Saud tribe in the Arabian Peninsula in the 18th century.

The al-Khalifa amirs also were a unifying force, avoiding the internecine warfare among petty Bahraini sheikhdoms which had so characterized many earlier periods (such as from the 9th to 11th centuries A.D.) (Robison & Greenway 12). The al-Khalifa family proved adept at play off more powerful foreign powers against each other.

Predecessors Nasser and Sadat, Egypt's attracter Has Served

Despite declining revenues from crude oil production which still card for 50 per centum of government revenues, Bahrain's recently diversified prudence has performed fairly well in recent years. Its per capita income as a percentage of GDP in 1995 was $7840 (as compared with about $1300 in Egypt) (Bahrain Europa planetary Yearbook 2000 567). Real economic growth per annum increased from an modal(a) rate of .6 percent in 1985-1995 to 4.7 percent in 1991-1996 (Bahrain Europa outside(a) Yearbook 2000 567). Yet, unemployment remains high, 15 percent in 1998 (Whitewash 42). estrangement among the economically disadvantaged Shiite majority remains a problem, and their numbers racket are increasing as the population grows by 3.4 percent per annum (Bahrain Europa International Yearbook 2000 567).

Egypt had a much less hunky-dory experience with the European powers. The first efforts to modernize the Egyptian economy were undertaken b
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